Arabian horses - The Arabian horse breeds at a glance

Profile: Arabian horses at a glance

• Size: 1.40 to 1.55 meters
• Weight: 350 to 450 kg
• Life expectancy: 25 to 30 years
• Coat colors: From grey, black, brown to chestnut - almost all colors except pied.
• Origin: Arabian Peninsula
• Character: Intelligent, sensitive, persistent
• Special features: Noble head with typical Arabian profile, large eyes, high tail carriage.
• Use: Ideal for endurance riding, popular for leisure and shows.
• Price: leisure horses from € 5,000, top horses for breeding and show in the five-figure range.
• Worth knowing: One of the oldest horse breeds, formative for many other breeds.

History and origin of the Arabs

Arabian horses are among the oldest horse breeds in the world. Their history goes back 4,500 years. They originally come from the Arabian Peninsula, where they were bred under the extreme conditions of the desert.

The Bedouin tribes often kept the horses in their tents to protect them from the weather. This created a close bond between man and horse that still characterizes Arabs today.

In the desert, horses had to be enduring, tough and heat-resistant. Their light build and enormous stamina made them ideal riding and war horses that could cover long distances with little water and food.

Arabian horses later reached Europe and the rest of the world via trade routes and conquests. They were popular as royal gifts and influenced the breeding of many modern horse breeds, such as thoroughbredsAndalusians , Lipizaner and Quarter Horses.

In many cultures, Arabian horses were regarded as a status symbol and a sign of wealth and power. In the Middle Ages in particular, they were held in high esteem by European nobles and kings. To this day, they are an integral part of history and a living cultural asset that is admired worldwide.

➡️ Video tip: In this video you will learn more about the origin and development of Arabian horses.

Exterior: What does an Arabian horse look like?

The Arabian horse is characterized by a harmonious and noble appearance, which immediately distinguishes it from other breeds. Particularly characteristic is the finely shaped Arabian horse head, which is often described as "noble". With its concave forehead, large, expressive eyes and wide open nostrils, the head appears almost majestic.

Other striking features of the exterior:

• Size: With a height at the withers of 1.40 to 1.55 meters, Arabian horses belong to the medium-sized horse breeds.
• Physique: The compact but muscular body and short, strong legs give them enormous stamina and agility.
• Coat colors: Arabians come in a variety of colors, including gray, black, bay and chestnut. Black Arabian horses are particularly popular, although they are less common. Pieds, on the other hand, are not represented in this breed.
• Posture of the tail: The high tail carriage is another characteristic feature that gives the Arabian horse an elegant appearance.

Interior: Arabian horse character

The character of Arabian horses is at least as impressive as their appearance. They are considered intelligent, sensitive and extremely people-oriented. These characteristics make them loyal companions who are eager to learn.

Other features of the interior:

• Temperament: Arabian horses are lively, yet easy to control. Their energy and courage make them reliable partners, whether in endurance riding, leisure riding or at shows.
• Bonding with humans: They often develop a close relationship with their owners and are considered to be very affectionate and trusting.
• Endurance: Their incredible stamina is legendary and has earned them the reputation of being ideal horses for long distances and demanding conditions.

Uses of the Arabian horse

Arabian horses are one of the most versatile horse breeds and impress with their flexibility and performance. Their main uses include:

Endurance riding

The thoroughbred Arabian is the undisputed number one in endurance riding. endurance riding. Its exceptional stamina, coupled with a light and robust build, makes it perfect for long distances. With a constant speed of 20-25 km/h over several hours, it is the ideal companion for this discipline.

Leisure horse

Due to their people-oriented and sensitive nature, Arabian horses are ideal for leisure riders. They are curious, eager to learn and often develop a close bond with their owners.

Shows and breeding

The elegant appearance of Arabian horses makes them a highlight at horse shows. Breeders appreciate their purity and beauty, especially in lines such as the Egyptian Arabian, which is often referred to as a "living work of art".

Sport

Targeted crossbreeding, such as with the Anglo-Arabian and Shagya-Arabian, has produced athletic qualities such as speed and jumping power. These horses are used in eventing, in jumping and in dressage very successful.

The breeding of Arabian horses

The breeding of Arabian horses is widespread worldwide, with a particular focus on the purity of the breed. Countries such as Egypt, Poland and Qatar are leaders in Arabian horse breeding, while countries such as Germany also play an important role in Europe.

Breeding criteria

• Purity: Particular attention is paid to a complete pedigree, especially with Asil Arabians.
• Robustness: The breed attaches great importance to firm hooves, strong legs and high resistance.
• Character: The typical sensitivity, intelligence and ability to bond of Arabian horses is specifically encouraged.

Important breeding centers for Arabian horses 

Main and State Stud Marbach (Germany)

The Marbach State Stud in Baden-Württemberg is one of the most important breeding facilities for Arabian horses in Germany. Arabian horses have been bred there for over 200 years, in particular the line of thoroughbred Arabians and Shagya Arabians. Marbach's Arabians enjoy an excellent international reputation and impress with their elegance, willingness to perform and versatility.

Marbach Stud is not only known for its Arabian horse breeding, but also for its impressive herds of mares, which can be admired at numerous events in Germany and Europe. These herds of mares often appear at major events such as the Marbach Stallion Parade, the CHIO Aachen or other important equestrian events. With their harmonious movement and graceful appearance, they regularly attract attention and symbolize the elegance and beauty of Arabian horses. Particularly impressive is their synchronicity and the visible connection to nature that becomes clear during these performances.

➡️ Video tip: Marvel at the herd of mares from the Marbach Main and State Studin the free run at the 2017 Trakehner Stallion Market.

Janów Podlaski (Poland)

The Polish Janów Podlaski stud farm is one of the most famous centers for Arabian horses in the world. Founded in 1817, it specializes in breeding thoroughbred Arabians that impress with their athleticism and charisma. The annual "Pride of Poland" auction attracts international buyers who appreciate the noble lines of Janów Arabians. 

Michałów Stud (Poland)

Also based in Poland, the Michałów stud farm is one of the top names in international Arabian horse breeding. It is particularly well-known for its gray horses , which regularly win prizes at international shows and competitions. 

El Zahraa Stud (Egypt)

The El Zahraa Stud in Egypt is the heart of Egyptian Arabian horse breeding. Here, particular emphasis is placed on the purity of the bloodlines, which makes the Arabians from El Zahraa coveted breeding animals worldwide. Founded in 1908, the stud represents the tradition and history of Arabian horses at the highest level.

Al Shaqab Stud (Qatar)

Al Shaqab Stud in Qatar is one of the most modern and luxurious centers for Arabian horses in the world. Breeding focuses on perfection in appearance and performance, with horses from Al Shaqab regularly dominating international shows. As part of the Qatar Foundation, the stud combines cultural heritage with the latest science in horse breeding.

The different lines and sub-races

Arabian horse breeds are among the noblest and oldest horse breeds in the world. In addition to the well-known thoroughbred Arabian, other breeds have developed over the centuries that are characterized by the typical features of the Arabian horse. Each of these breeds has its own strengths, characteristics and areas of use - from sport and leisure to cultural traditions. Here is an overview of the most important Arabian horse breeds:

Purebred Arabian / Arabian thoroughbred

The Arabian thoroughbred is the purest and most original Arabian breed. It has been bred for over 4,500 years, primarily for endurance, intelligence and elegance. More information in the Arabian thoroughbred profile:

• Origin: Arabian Peninsula 
• Weight: 350 to 450 kg 
• Stock size: 1.40 to 1.55 m 
• Life expectancy: 25 to 30 years
• Physical characteristics: Slender, light build, perfect for endurance. Typical concave nose line ("pike head") with large, expressive head. High tail carriage and harmonious proportions. Firm, robust legs and hard hooves that often do not need shoes. 
• Character: Intelligent, alert and people-oriented. Sensitive and eager to learn, with a close bond to its owner. Spirited, but controllable.
• Areas of use: The thoroughbred Arabian dominates endurance riding thanks to its incredible stamina. It is also very popular for breeding, shows and leisure riding.
• Special features: The Arabian Thoroughbred has influenced the development of many modern horse breeds such as the English Thoroughbred, Andalusian and Quarter Horses.
• Speed: Thoroughbred Arabians can reach speeds of 50-60 km/h over short distances, similar to other horse breeds. However, their true strength lies in their consistency and endurance, which they excel at, especially in endurance riding. They are known for maintaining asteady pace of 20-25 km/h for hours at a time.
• Breeding: Purebred Arabian horses are bred worldwide, with the largest and best-known breeding areas being in Egypt, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates and Poland. In Europe, Germany and France are also important locations. 

Shagya Arab

Shagya Arabians were created by crossing purebred Arabians with other breeds such as Lipizzaners and English Thoroughbreds with the aim of breeding a larger, stronger horse with the typical elegance of the Arabian. More information in the Shagya Arabian profile:

• Origin: Hungary, 19th century 
• Weight: 450 to 550 kg
• Stock size: 1.50 to 1.65 m 
• Life expectancy: 25 to 30 years
• Physical characteristics: Larger and stronger than the Arabian thoroughbred. Muscular build with a fine head and Arabian elegance. Broader chest and stronger legs.
• Character: Calm, balanced and friendly. Particularly willing to learn and easy to train, which makes him suitable for beginners. Patient and reliable.
• Areas of use: Shagya Arabians are ideal all-rounders. They are valued in endurance riding, dressage, show jumping and as leisure horses.
• Special features: They are considered to be particularly calm, balanced and willing to learn, which also makes them suitable for beginners.

Anglo-Arabian

The Anglo-Arabian is a cross between the purebred Arabian and the English thoroughbred. More information in the Anglo-Arabian profile:

• Origin: France and Great Britain, from the 19th century onwards
• Weight: 450 to 550 kg 
• Stock size: 1.55 to 1.70 m 
• Life expectancy: 25 to 30 years
• Physical characteristics: Athletic, slender build. Typical Arabian head, paired with the size and dynamism of the English Thoroughbred. Longer legs and muscular build for speed and jumping power. 
• Character: Powerful, courageous and full of energy. Suitable for ambitious riders looking for a reliable and powerful partner. Intelligent, with a strong willingness to work and an athletic nature.
• Areas of use: Anglo-Arabians are particularly successful in eventing, show jumping and endurance riding. 
• Special features: This breed is known for its willingness to perform and its courageous temperament - perfect for ambitious riders.
• Branding: Anglo-Arabians often carry a special brand that identifies their breeding line. In France, one of the main breeding areas, the typical brand is a curved A or a combination of symbols indicating the lineage. 

Asil Arab

This Arabian horse breed is the origin of all Arabian horses and stands for "purity". "Asil" means "noble" or "pure" in Arabic, and this breed is characterized by a fully documented lineage. Asil Arabians are kept according to strict breeding criteria. More information in the Asil Arabian profile:

• Origin: Arabian Peninsula
• Weight: 350 to 450 kg 
• Stock size: 1.40 to 1.55 m 
• Life expectancy: 25 to 30 years
• Physical characteristics: Compact, light build, typical of the Arabian roots. Nobly shaped head with striking concave nose line. High tail carriage and fine, strong legs. 
• Character: Loyal, sensitive and very people-oriented. Deeply rooted in Bedouin culture, known for their loyalty. Independent and intelligent, with a strong bond to her owner.
• Areas of use: Mainly for breeding, but also for leisure and endurance riding.
• Special features: Asil Arabians are the benchmark for Arabian horses. Many breeding programs worldwide use them to ensure purity and quality. Their close connection to Bedouin culture makes them particularly valuable.

Hispanic-Arabian

As the name suggests, the Hispano-Arabian is a cross between the purebred Arabian and the Hispanic Andalusian breed. It combines the elegance and endurance of the Arabian with the strength and agility of the Andalusian. More information in the Hispano-Arabian profile:

• Origin: Spain  
• Weight: 450 to 500 kg 
• Stock size: 1.50 to 1.60 m
• Life expectancy: 20 to 25 years
• Physical characteristics: Harmonious, muscular build with a mixture of Arabian and Andalusian features. Flowing movements and a proud expression. More compact and agile than an Andalusian, but stronger than a pure Arabian.
• Character: Elegant, versatile and enduring. Energetic, but with a natural calmness that makes him suitable for many riding styles. Very people-oriented and adaptable, which makes him ideal for leisure and sport alike.
• Areas of use: Ideal for Iberian riding styles, dressage, working equitation and leisure.
• Special features: Hispanic Arabians are versatile and radiate elegance and strength at the same time. Their movements are impressive and supple, which is why they are often used for show performances.

Egyptian-Arab

Egyptian Arabians are considered to be one of the purest Arabian lines, as they go back to the oldest breeding lines from the Arabian Peninsula. More information in the Egyptian Arabian profile:

• Origin: Egypt - Bedouin horses, bred for over 1,800 years.
• Weight: 350 to 450 kg 
• Stock size: 1.40 to 1.55 m 
• Life expectancy: 25 to 30 years
• Physical characteristics: Particularly fine, noble head with strongly concave nose line. Large eyes and small, flexible ears which lend elegance to the expression. Slender, elegant build with high tail carriage. 
• Character: Sensitive, intelligent and people-oriented. Exceptionally graceful and spirited, but easy to control. Very willing to learn and known for his close bond with the rider.
• Areas of use: Mainly for breeding and showing. Egyptian Arabians are considered "living works of art", but are also suitable for leisure and endurance riding.
• Special features: This line is particularly popular with breeders who focus on beauty and purity. 

Arabian-Berber

The Arabian-Berber was created by crossing thoroughbred Arabians with Berber horses. More information in the Arabian-Berber profile. 

• Origin: North Africa (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia)
• Weight: 400 to 500 kg 
• Stock size: 1.45 to 1.55 m 
• Life expectancy: 20 to 25 years
• Physical characteristics: Compact, muscular build with a robust stature. Arabian characteristics such as the concave nose line and high tail carriage. Less slender than a thoroughbred Arabian, but more robust. 
• Character: Powerful and courageous, with a natural adaptability. Friendly and willing to work, ideal for demanding riding styles. Particularly sure-footed and reliable, even in rough terrain.
• Areas of use: Arabian Berbers are versatile - in endurance riding, leisure riding and even Western riding.
• Special features: The breed is characterized by its high adaptability and is traditionally used as a working horse in North Africa.

Keeping and caring for Arabian horses

Species-appropriate husbandry

For a species-appropriate husbandryArabian horses need plenty of exercise as they are lively and active by nature. A large pasture or a spacious run is ideal to satisfy their urge to move. They are extremely social animals and should never be kept alone - companionship with conspecifics or a herd is essential to avoid psychological stress.

Arabians feel particularly comfortable in the stable if it is well ventilated, dry and free from draughts. Open stables are ideal for them as they offer plenty of freedom and at the same time provide protection from extreme weather conditions. They need protection from extreme cold, rain and moisture as they have a relatively thin coat.

Care

The care of an Arabian horse is uncomplicated if a few important points are observed. Their short, dense coat should be brushed regularly to remove dirt and keep the skin healthy. In winter, a thicker winter coat can grow, which also requires attention. Especially the hooves, which are often hard and resistant in Arabians, should be checked regularly by a farrier to prevent diseases.

➡️ Video tipIn this video the former president of the Arabian Horse Association, Cynthia Richardson, explains the importance of the proper care of the mane and tail of an Arabian horse.

A balanced diet is essential, as Arabian horse breeds are efficient feed converters. They require less feed than larger breeds and should mainly be provided with hay and grass . Concentrated feed should only be given in moderation and when necessary to avoid obesity or metabolic problems. Teeth should also be checked regularly, as dental problems can make eating difficult and lead to weight loss.

Common diseases in Arabian horses

Despite their robustness, Arabian horse breeds are prone to certain genetic and health problems that can often be avoided by taking preventive measures.

Genetic diseases

• SCID (Severe Combined Immunodeficiency): A genetic disorder in which foals are born without a functioning immune system. Genetic testing before breeding is essential.
• LFS (Lavender Foal Syndrome): This neurological disorder occurs in foals and is often fatal. Here too, genetic testing of the parents can help to minimize the risk.
• CA (cerebellar abiotrophy): A disease of the cerebellum that causes coordination problems. Genetic testing is also useful here.

Metabolic diseases

Laminitis (laminitis) and the Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS) are among the most common metabolic diseases that can occur in Arabian horses if feeding and exercise are not balanced.

Laminitis is caused by inflammation of the hoof corium, often triggered by a diet high in sugar or overfeeding with concentrated feed. Symptoms such as lameness, warm hoof walls and a protective posture require rapid intervention.

➡️ Video tipIn this video, we asked the most important questions about the disease at the Karthaus Veterinary Clinic.

The Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS) is mainly characterized by obesity, insulin resistance and an increased risk of laminitis. It often occurs in horses with a lack of exercise.

➡️ Video tip: In this video you will learn everything about Equine Metabolic Syndrome, how to avoid overweight in horses and what options there are for keeping your four-legged friend's weightwithin healthy limits.

Respiratory diseases

Arabians are sensitive to dust and poor ventilation, which can lead to chronic obstructive bronchitis (COPD). Dust-free hay and a well-ventilated stable are therefore particularly important.

➡️ Video tip: In this video we show why the lungs are such a special organ and which diseases can occur.

Skin diseases

Arabian horses are susceptible to skin problems such as fungal infections or sweet itchespecially in regions with lots of insects. Appropriate insect protection can help to minimize the risk here.

Famous Arabian horses in history and pop culture

Famous Arabian horses in history

• Marengo: Egyptian stallion, born around 1793. As Napoleon Bonaparte's favorite war horse, he accompanied him in battles such as Austerlitz and Waterloo. His skeleton is on display at the National Army Museum in London.
• Godolphin Arabian: Progenitor of the English Thoroughbred, born around 1724 in Yemen or North Africa. Influenced racehorse breeding through his offspring.
• Darley Arabian: Syrian stallion, born in 1704, another progenitor of the English Thoroughbred. Many of today's racehorses carry their lineage

Famous Arabian horses in pop culture

• Cass Ole(The Black Stallion, 1979): A black Arabian from Texas, known as the star of the movie. His portrayal shaped the worldwide image of Arabian horses as elegant and graceful.
• TC Bey Cedas(Hidalgo, 2004): This black Arab embodied Al-Hattal and symbolized the endurance and strength of the breed.
• Jadaan(The Son of the Sheik, 1926): An elegant Arabian horse with a fine head profile and exotic charisma that shaped the image of the Arabian horse in Hollywood.

Famous Arabs in sport

• Ziyadah: US endurance mare, known for her exceptional stamina and quick recovery. Symbol of the dominance of Arabian horses in long-distance sport.
• Shahzada: Australian Arabian horse honored by the annual "Shahzada Memorial Ride" (400 km) - a testament to the breed's toughness and endurance.
• Khemosabi: Legendary show and breeding stallion from the USA. With over 300 show titles and 1,200 offspring, he is considered an icon of Arabian breeding.

FAQS: The most important questions

How fast is an Arabian horse?

Arabian horses can reach speeds of up to 50-60 km/h over short distances. However, their strength lies in their endurance, which enables them to maintain a steady speed of 20-25 km/h over longer distances.

How old can Arabian horses get?

The average life expectancy of an Arabian horse is 25 to 30 years. With optimal care, however, they can also live longer.

Are Arabian horses suitable for beginners?

Arabian horses are sensitive and intelligent, which makes them adaptable partners who are eager to learn. Calmer lines such as the Shagya Arabian are particularly recommended for beginners.

How much does an Arabian horse cost?

Prices for Arabian horses vary greatly. Leisure horses start at around 5,000 euros, while show or breeding horses can easily reach five-figure sums.

What coat colors are there in Arabian horses?

Arabian horses come in almost all coat colors, including grey, black, bay and chestnut. Pintoes do not occur in purebred Arabians.

Where do thoroughbred Arabians come from?

Thoroughbred Arabians originally come from the Arabian Peninsula, where they have been bred for over 4,500 years. Their purity and elegance have made them famous worldwide.

How do the bloodlines of Arabian horses differ?

Bloodlines such as the Egyptian Arabian, Polish Arabian, Russian Arabian or Crabbet Arabian each have characteristic traits. Egyptian Arabians, for example, are characterized by their purity and elegance, while Polish Arabians are known for their versatility and robustness.

Are Arabian horses overbred?

The breeding of Arabian horses is strictly monitored in many countries in order to avoid overbreeding. Nevertheless, irresponsible breeding practices can occasionally lead to problems, especially with regard to extreme characteristics such as very concave heads.

Are Arabian horses suitable for endurance riding?

Yes, Arabian horses are the undisputed top breed in endurance riding. Their stamina, light build and robust hooves make them ideal for this discipline.

What role do Arabian horses play in the breeding of other breeds?

Arabian horses have influenced many modern horse breeds, including the English Thoroughbred, Andalusian and Quarter Horses. They have often been used to bring elegance, stamina and intelligence to other breeds.

Are there any famous Arabian horses?

Yes, one of the best-known Arabian horses is Bask, a Polish Arabian who is considered one of the most influential breeding stallions. Raffles and Skowronek have also left their mark on Arabian horse breeding.

What is an Anglo-Arabian?

An Anglo-Arabian is a cross between a thoroughbred Arabian and an English thoroughbred. These horses combine the elegance of the Arabian with the speed and dynamism of the English thoroughbred.

Are Shagya Arabians purebred Arabians?

No, Shagya Arabians are not thoroughbred Arabians. They were created by crossing purebred Arabians with European breeds such as Lipizzaners to create a versatile riding horse.

Are there Arabian horses in black?

Yes, black Arabian horses do exist, but they are rarer than gray or bay horses. They are particularly sought after due to their elegant appearance.

Why do some Arabian horses carry a brand?

Branding is used to identify the origin and bloodline of a horse. For example, Anglo-Arabians often carry a curved "A" or a symbol showing their lineage.