Splints in horses: causes, symptoms, surgical costs and prognosis

What is the splint bone and how can it break?

The basic structure of the horse's foot consists of three bones: the cannon bone (metatarsal bone) and two split bones per foot. A horse therefore has a total of eight split bones, each of which is located to the side of the cannon bone. These elongated bones are originally the vestigial remains of the horse's second and fourth toes. Although the splint bone has no load-bearing function due to its size, it is susceptible to fractures.

The picture shows the splint bones as narrow, lateral bones flanking the cannon bone. These bones are only connected to the joints of the horse's leg at the upper end. Originally part of the horse's second and fourth toes, they no longer have a load-bearing function, but are particularly susceptible to fractures due to their position.

Splint bone fracture in horses: causes and types

There are two main types of splint bone fractures: proximal and distal fractures. Proximal fractures affect the upper third of the bone and are often caused by external forces such as kicks from other horses. Distal fractures occur at the lower end of the splint bone, usually due to overuse, especially in older horses or those undergoing intensive training.

A splint bone fracture on the hind leg can be caused by injuries during training or in the pasture, while a styloid fracture in the front often occurs in overloaded sports horses. It is important to note that a splint bone fracture does not always cause the horse to be lame, which makes early diagnosis difficult.

Symptoms and diagnosis of a splint bone fracture in horses

The symptoms of a splint bone fracture depend on the type of fracture.
Typical signs are:

• Sudden or gradual lameness
• Swelling in the affected area
• Pressure sensitivity
• Open wounds with an open fracture

It is also possible that the horse is not lame despite a fracture of the splint bone, which can delay the diagnosis. In such cases, an X-ray can reveal the exact location and severity of the fracture. In the video, you can see how an X-ray is taken on a horse. We also show you what you can see on the X-ray and when further diagnostic imaging is necessary:

If additional damage is suspected, such as injuries to the suspensory ligament an ultrasound or computer tomography may also be necessary. A fracture of the splint bone on the hind leg in particular is often only detected by detailed imaging.

Dangers for the suspensory ligament

Since the splint bone is located near the suspensory ligament a fracture or the formation of scarred bone tissue can damage this sensitive tendon cord. This increases the risk of long-term complications. To ensure that the suspensory ligament remains intact, detailed ultrasound examinations should be carried out, especially if the horse still shows signs of lameness after treatment.

Treatment of a splint bone fracture in horses

Treatment depends heavily on the type of fracture. In the case of a distal splint bone fracture, conservative treatment with box rest and a stabilizing bandage may be sufficient. However, if the horse suffers a proximal fracture or an open fracture, surgery is usually necessary.

Surgical treatment consists of either a screw fixation of the splint bone or the removal of bone parts to support healing. Splint bone fractures without surgery are often more difficult to treat and can lead to complications, especially if the horse continues to bear weight. Close veterinary follow-up is essential to monitor the healing process and prevent infection.

Surgical costs for a splint bone fracture in a horse

The cost of surgery for a fractured splint bone varies depending on the severity of the injury and the clinic where the procedure is performed. Typically, the surgery costs are between 1,500 and 4,000 euros. This amount is made up of:

• Preliminary examinations (X-ray, ultrasound)
• Surgical costs (surgical removal or fixation of the bone)
• Anesthesia costs
• Aftercare (check-ups, dressing changes, physiotherapy)
• Medication (painkillers, antibiotics)

A detailed cost estimate is advisable, as prices can vary depending on the region. Costs can rise, especially in severe cases where complications occur.

Healing a fractured splint bone without surgery: alternative therapies

Many horse owners ask themselves whether a fracture of the splint bone in a horse can be successfully treated without surgery. This depends very much on the severity and location of the fracture. Distal fractures at the lower end of the splint bone can often be treated conservatively, meaning that the horse can heal without surgery. However, this treatment requires strict adherence to stall rest and regular veterinary monitoring. In the case of proximal fractures or open fractures, surgery is usually unavoidable as the risk of complications such as infection or faulty bone growth is too great.

In addition to classic conservative therapy, there are various alternative treatment methods that can be used as support. These include:

• Acupuncture: This traditional Chinese healing method is used to support the healing process by activating the body's self-healing powers. Some horse owners report positive effects, particularly in terms of pain relief and anti-inflammation.
• Magnetic field therapy: This therapy uses electromagnetic fields to improve blood circulation and cell metabolism. This can help the tissue and bone to regenerate more quickly.
• Homeopathy: Homeopathic remedies are often used to support the healing process. Although the scientific effectiveness is disputed, some horse owners swear by remedies such as Arnica to promote healing and relieve pain.

It is important to emphasize that the effectiveness of these alternative therapy methods is not always scientifically proven. Nevertheless, many horse owners report positive experiences, especially when using these methods in combination with conservative treatment. If you are considering a cure without surgery, you should always do so in close consultation with your vet to ensure the best course of action for your horse.

Healing process and prognosis

The prognosis for healing after a splint bone fracture is usually good, especially if the fracture is recognized and treated early. Horses that undergo surgery require longer rehabilitation to prevent complications such as osteoarthritis or long-term lameness. It usually takes around six to eight weeks before the horse can be gently put under weight again. Slow and careful rehabilitation training is crucial to get the horse back to full fitness.

Unfortunately, there can also be long-term consequences, especially if the suspensory ligament has been affected or healing is incomplete. In rare cases where severe complications occur, the horse may have to be euthanized.

Complications and long-term consequences of a splint bone fracture in horses

A fracture of the splint bone in horses can lead to long-term complications despite successful treatment. A common complication is the formation of excess bone tissue (so-called callus), which can lead to irritation or injury to the surrounding tissue. This often particularly affects the suspensory ligamentwhich runs close to the splint bone. These irritations can not only lead to lameness but can also permanently restrict the horse's sporting ability.

In some cases, it can also lead to the development of osteoarthritis in the adjacent joints, especially if the fracture does not heal optimally. Long-term lameness and chronic joint problems can make the horse unfit for riding, which could negatively affect the prognosis for a full recovery.

It is important that horse owners have regular check-ups to ensure that the healing process is progressing correctly and that any complications can be detected and treated at an early stage.

Prevention of a splint bone fracture in horses

Preventing a splint bone fracture is difficult as many of the causes lie in unforeseeable events such as kicks from other horses. Nevertheless, horse owners can minimize the risk by having regular veterinary check-ups and keeping their horse properly. It is particularly important to pay attention to the following points:

• Sufficient rest periods: Horses undergoing intensive training should be given regular rest periods to avoid overloading.
• Avoiding overloading: Make sure that the horse is not overloaded, especially during hard training sessions or competitions.
• Safety precautions: Avoid having the horse in close quarters with other horses where kicking or hitting can occur more easily.

Splint bone fractures are serious injuries, but can be easily cured if diagnosed early and treated correctly. Horse owners should pay close attention to signs such as lameness and swelling and consult a vet immediately if a fracture is suspected.

Testimonials and tips from vets and horse owners

Testimonials from veterinarians and horse owners provide valuable insights into the challenges and successes of treating splint bone fractures. These practical experiences help horse owners make informed decisions and better prepare for the healing phase.

Experiences of veterinarians

Veterinarians often report that the diagnosis and treatment of a splint bone fracture depends heavily on the individual case. Open fractures in particular usually require surgery, as the risk of complications such as infection is high. In such cases, it is important to keep the horse nder strict stall rest after the operation and to provide aftercare to support the healing process. Experienced equine veterinarians emphasize how crucial a well-coordinated recovery training after the operation is to ensure a full recovery. Only then can the horse return to sport or leisure activities in the long term.

Experiences of horse owners

Horse owners also report the challenges associated with a fractured splint bone. One owner said that she was faced with the difficult decision between conservative treatment and surgery. Due to the high risk of insufficient healing without surgery, she opted for surgery. Despite the successful surgery, the subsequent rehabilitation was lengthy and required patience and close cooperation with the vet. The balance between adequate rest and the right amount of exercise during the healing phase proved to be particularly challenging, but careful monitoring and care led to a positive outcome.

Conclusion from experience reports

These testimonials clearly show that a splint bone fracture is a serious injury, but with the right treatment, it has a good chance of recovery. Cooperation between horse owners and veterinarians is crucial to find the best treatment plan for the horse in question. It should always be considered on an individual basis whether surgery is necessary or whether conservative treatment is an option.

Splint bone fracture: Summarized

A splint bone fracture in horses is a serious injury, but it can be easily healed if treated correctly. Horse owners should always pay close attention to symptoms such as lameness and swelling and consult a vet immediately if a fracture is suspected. Early treatment and careful aftercare are crucial to avoid late effects and ensure the long-term health of the horse.

Splint bone fracture: The most important questions and answers

Can a horse live without a splint bone?

Yes, a horse can live without a splint bone. In some cases, the splint bone or parts of it are surgically removed if it is severely damaged. This usually does not permanently affect the horse's ability to move.

How does a horse break its splint bone?

A splint bone fracture often occurs due to external influences, such as kicks from other horses or falls. Sometimes the fracture can also be caused by repeated overloading, especially during intensive sporting activity.

What to do in the event of a fractured splint bone in a horse?

If a fracture of the styloid bone is suspected, a vet should be consulted immediately. The vet will usually take an x-ray to confirm the fracture. Treatment can either be conservative with stall rest and support bandages or surgical, depending on the severity of the fracture.

How long does it take for a splint bone fracture to heal in horses?

The healing time depends on the type of fracture and the treatment. With conservative therapy, healing can take around 6 to 8 weeks. After a surgery depending on the severity of the injury, it can also take several weeks to months before the horse is fully recovered and can be loaded normally again.

How long does a splint bone surgery take in horses?

The splint bone surgery usually takes between 1 and 2 hours, depending on the complexity of the fracture and the surgical technique chosen. Preparations and anesthesia time are also required.