Western riding - from ranch work to a prestigious competition sport

The history of western riding

Western riding is one of the most popular riding styles in the world today, but did you know that it originated from the hard work on ranches in America? It wasn't always a sport, but a real necessity to drive herds of cattle over long distances. Let's take a look at how western riding has evolved over the years.

From vaquero to cowboy - the origins of western riding

The history of western riding begins in the 16th century, when Spanish conquistadors entered America and brought their horses with them. Before the arrival of the Spanish, there were no horses in North America. This changed when the Spanish conquistadors explored the southwest of what is now the USA in search of gold and silver, and the Spanish settlers, especially the vaqueros (Spanish cowboys), used their horses to work with cattle and developed a special riding style that was suitable for the long hours of work. The horses had to be robust, cover long distances and be able to respond finely to the rider's aids. This is how the basis for today's western riding gradually developed.

In the 19th century, at the time of the American settlement movements, western riding became an indispensable part of cowboy life. The cowboys had to drive huge herds of cattle through rough terrain - often for days on end. Their horses were their most important tools and not only had to be strong and enduring, but they also had to be able to respond to the finest of aids. This is how the loose rein contact typical of Western riding developed, enabling the horses to work independently without being constantly controlled by tight reins. The typical western saddle, which was filled with straw, ensured that the cowboys sat comfortably in the saddle even when riding for hours on end.

Over time, agriculture changed, but western riding remained. Instead of on the ranch, it increasingly developed into a competition sport. Disciplines such as reining, cutting and trail riding, which are now shown at international tournaments, are based on the original tasks of the cowboys. 

The western horse

In general, some horse breeds are particularly suitable for western riding due to certain characteristics.

Typical western horse breeds: The most popular breeds at a glance

Some of the best-known breeds in Western sport are the American Quarter Horse, the Paint Horse and the Appaloosa. These horses have proven to be particularly successful due to their physical and mental characteristics. The Quarter Horse is known worldwide as the most commonly used breed in Western riding. With its compact stature, strong musculature and remarkable acceleration, it is ideal for western riding. In our article "The American Quarter Horse - the all-rounder from North America" you can find out everything you need to know about this versatile breed. Paint Horses and Appaloosas share many of these characteristics, but are particularly popular because of their unique coat patterns.

The character traits of a western horse

Western horses not only need to be agile and strong, they also need to have good stamina to cope with the often long training sessions and competitions. Especially for disciplines such as cutting or reining, quick reactions and strong hindquarters are crucial. Horses with a compact, muscular build and quick agility have a clear advantage in these disciplines.

In addition to physical aptitude, the mental characteristics of a horse are crucial for western riding. A good western horse must be calm, have strong nerves and be easy to train. These horses often work with minimal aids and need a strong basis of trust with their rider. Horses with a calm temperament have an advantage because they stay focused in stressful situations, such as when working with cattle or at a competition.

Can you ride western with any horse?

Even if certain breeds have been specially bred for western riding, this does not mean that only these horses are suitable. Theoretically, you can ride western with almost any horse as long as it has the right physical and character requirements. Breeds such as the Haflinger or even warmbloods can also be used in Western sport, especially in disciplines such as Trail or Western Pleasure, where less speed and more skill and composure are required.

It is important that the horse has good basic training and responds to fine aids.

The equipment for western riding

In Western riding, equipment is not only functional, but also deeply rooted in tradition. Everything that rider and horse wear has its origins in ranch work. Each piece of equipment has a very practical use, but has been further developed over the years to look and function well at competitions and leisure activities.

The typical cowboy outfit

The typical clothing used in western riding also has its origins in cowboys.

The trademark of every western rider is the western hat (or cowboy hat). Not only does it look good, it also protects against the sun and weather. However, a helmet is provided at tournaments, especially for those under 18 years of age, as it offers more safety.

Western riding breeches are replaced by jeans . Jeans are not only comfortable, but also extremely hard-wearing, which was essential for long days in the saddle on the ranch. A typical pair of western jeans has a wide leg or is cut wide at the bottom so that it fits easily over the boots. Many riders also wear chaps - leather covers that are pulled over the jeans. They protect the legs from undergrowth and ensure that you sit securely in the saddle even on intensive rides.

Instead of the classic riding boot, western riders wear western riding boots - sturdy boots with high heels that provide support in the stirrups and help riders to mount and dismount quickly.

Good to know: The difference between western boots and cowboy boots

Western riding boots and cowboy boots may seem similar at first glance, but they have different functions. Western riding boots are specially designed for riding. They have a higher heel that holds the foot securely in the stirrup and a smooth sole that allows the rider to easily pull the foot out if necessary. The shaft of these boots is often higher to protect the legs from dirt, bushes or other obstacles. They are also made of sturdy leather to withstand the rigors of riding.

In contrast, cowboy boots (also known as cowboy booties ) are more versatile and often intended as a fashion accessory or for everyday use. They can have different heel heights and often feature decorative embroidery or patterns. Although visually reminiscent of western riding boots, they are less functional for riding and do not offer the same protection or comfort in the saddle. Cowboy booties often have a thicker sole to offer more comfort in everyday life and are not necessarily made of leather, but can also be made of other materials.

The equipment for the western horse

The most important accessory for the horse is the western saddle. This saddle is significantly wider and heavier than an English saddle, which enables optimum weight distribution. The wide contact surface ensures that the pressure is evenly distributed on the horse's back, making even long rides more comfortable for the horse. A characteristic feature of the western saddle is the saddle horn, which was originally used to attach the lasso when cowboys were catching cattle. Today, the saddle horn mainly plays a traditional role, but also provides a firm grip for the rider during fast maneuvers. The raised rear edge of the saddle, the so-called cantle, gives the rider additional support and stability. As in English riding, there are also different saddles for different disciplines in Western riding. In reining, for example, a saddle with a deeper seat is preferred, as this offers the rider more control and stability. Cutting saddles, on the other hand, are designed to offer the rider maximum freedom of movement so that they can react quickly to the horse's movements. In our article "The saddle for the horse" you can find out more about this topic.

There is always a Western saddle pad under the saddle. This thick, padded pad protects the horse's back from friction and absorbs the pressure of the saddle. At the same time, it protects the saddle from sweat and dirt.

Another central component of the equipment is the bridle. There are different variants here, which are chosen depending on the horse's level of training and the rider's preferences. Bitless bridles such as the bosal, sidepull or hackamore are particularly popular with beginners as they are considered to be horse-friendly. These bridles do not work in the horse's mouth, but by exerting pressure on the nasal bone. However, they should also be ridden very gently, as the nasal bone can react sensitively to strong pressure.

For advanced riders and well-trained horses, a western curb bit is often used, such as the curl bit. This curb bit enables particularly fine communication with the horse, as it works with minimal rein movements. Horses that are still in training are usually ridden with a snaffle bit (water snaffle). This single jointed bit is ideal for young or inexperienced horses as it lies gently in the mouth and creates a clear but soft connection between rider and horse.

Western reins are typically open rather than closed. This open design prevents the reins from getting tangled on the saddle horn.

In contrast to other riding disciplines, leg protection is rarely used in western riding . This is due to the fact that most disciplines do not require intensive strain on the legs and the horses often work very calmly and quietly.

The difference between English and Western riding

Western riding and English riding may look similar at first glance, but both riding styles differ fundamentally in terms of riding position, aids and equipment. These differences have developed from the respective origins and purposes of the two riding styles. While English riding often focuses on precision and elegance, Western riding emphasizes a relaxed and efficient way of working.

The riding position: a firm seat low in the saddle

One noticeable difference between Western and English riding is the rider's sitting position. In Western riding, the rider sits low in the saddle, which ensures a relaxed yet stable posture. The wide, well-padded western saddle offers a lot of comfort. This low sitting position gives the rider good control, especially during fast maneuvers. In contrast, when riding English, the rider sits more upright in order to have a fine, direct connection with the horse.

Rein aids

In Western riding, rein contact is reduced to a minimum. The reins are held loosely in one hand and mainly serve as a signal. Instead of controlling the horse through constant rein contact, the western rider relies on indirect aids. In the higher performance classes, riding is usually one-handed, especially when using a curb bit, which is almost always one-handed. For young horses or horses still in training, on the other hand, the water snaffle is often used, which is usually ridden with two hands. With one-handed reins, a light tap of the reins on the horse's neck - a technique known as neck-reining - is enough to steer the horse in the desired direction.

Weight and leg aids

The focus of aids in western riding is on the use of weight and leg aids. The rider controls the horse through subtle shifts in body weight and gentle pressure with the legs. In comparison, English riding relies more heavily on direct control of the horse via the reins and an upright sitting position

Encourage the horse's natural movements

The loose reins and the rider's relaxed sitting position allow the horse to move more naturally in Western riding. Without constant rein pressure, the horse has the freedom to perform its movements independently. This natural way of riding should help the horse to move without unnecessary tension and to develop its muscles in a healthy way.

Is western riding more horse-friendly than English riding?

There is no general answer as to whether western riding is more horse-friendly than English riding. Both riding styles can be horse-friendly if they are performed correctly and finely. Western riding focuses on loose, relaxed reins and subtle aids, which is more comfortable for many horses. However, horse-friendliness depends not only on the riding style itself but above all on the rider´s technique. A rider who treats the horse gently and respectfully will ride in a horse-friendly manner in any riding style.

The training goal in western riding and the importance of horsemanship

The aim of training in Western riding goes far beyond the purely physical fitness of a horse. It revolves around the development of a calm, well-balanced and sensitive horse that is able to respond precisely to the most minimal of aids. A western horse should not only be physically strong and agile, but also mentally relaxed and able to think for itself. The focus of training is on harmonious cooperation between rider and horse, which is promoted by the principle of horsemanship.

Trust and cooperation between rider and horse

A central element of Western riding training is the trust between rider and horse. A well-trained western horse not only responds to direct aids but also learns to anticipate the rider's wishes. This ability is developed through intensive cooperation in which the horse learns to "read" the rider precisely. Through fine, subtle movements and clear communication, the horse builds trust and responds more quickly and precisely to the aids. In horsemanship, riders must learn to interpret the horse's reactions and body language correctly and respond to them sensitively. Patience and calm communication create a close bond that enables the horse to trust the rider completely. This foundation of respect and trust is crucial for successful cooperation and enables the horse to work in a relaxed and concentrated manner.

Horsemanship

Horsemanship is at the heart of Western riding training. It is about the art of fine, respectful and harmonious communication between rider and horse. The aim is to create a deep connection based on trust, respect and clear communication. Good horsemanship not only promotes the horse's athletic performance, but also its well-being and satisfaction. It teaches the rider to understand the horse's body language and to make their own communication as subtle as possible to guide the horse with the minimum of aids.

Natural horsemanship in particular, which was shaped by experts such as Bernd Hackl, known from the TV series "Die Pferdeprofis", focuses on respectful cooperation. In his training videos, Hackl impressively demonstrates how body language and patience are the key to a harmonious relationship between rider and horse.

Sensitivity and independence of the horse

Another important training goal in Western riding is to promote the sensitivity and independence of the horse. Western horses should be able to act independently without the rider having to constantly intervene. The horse learns to react to minimal signals such as weight shifts or light leg aids, while at the same time making decisions independently - for example when working with cattle or on trails.

The different disciplines in western riding

There are numerous disciplines in Western riding, each of which requires special skills from horse and rider. From fast and agile maneuvers to precise skill exercises.

Reining

Reining is often referred to as the "dressage of western riding". This discipline involves the precise execution of a set sequence of manoeuvres, known as a pattern. Typical reining manoeuvres are the sliding stop, spin, rollback and backing. In the sliding stop, the horse slides into a standing position on its hind legs. The rollback requires a quick change of direction on the hindquarters. Reversing is also a central element in reining. During the spin, the horse turns quickly on its hindquarters. One hind leg remains firmly on the ground and serves as a pivot point, while the horse makes circular movements with its front legs. The spin is usually performed in four complete turns to the left and/or right and requires precision and speed from both horse and rider. In freestyle reining, the rider has the freedom to choose their own manoeuvres and music. Participants often even ride without a saddle and bridle.

Reining is the only western riding discipline that is officially recognized by the FEI (Fédération Équestre Internationale). It has been held at the World Equestrian Games since 2000 , which was a major step forward for western riding at international level. 

Trail

The trail simulates a cross-country ride and requires skill and composure from horse and rider. The task is to overcome at least six obstacles - for example a gate that you have to open and close without the "invisible herd of cattle" escaping. This often includes crossing a bridge and reversing through narrow passages, as well as classic pole work. The trick is for the horse to remain relaxed and focused while mastering the obstacles cleanly and precisely.

Western Pleasure

In Western Pleasure, the horse is judged on its gaits, quality of movement and posture. The three basic gaits - walk, trot and canter - are ridden in groups. The horse should appear calm, relaxed and supple. The loose rein contact and the flowing transitions between the gaits play a major role here. In the end, the horse should give the impression that riding is a real pleasure - hence the name "Pleasure".

Ranch Riding

This discipline tests the horse's ability for ranch work. The aim here is to demonstrate demanding maneuvers such as spins, sliding stops and pole work. The horse should work calmly and safely while moving at a brisk pace. Ranch riding focuses on the horse's manner and rideability.

Western Riding

Western Riding focuses on the precise execution of flying canter changes. Horse and rider must ride a set line and execute the canter changes precisely and fluently at the specified points. It is important here that the horse remains at a steady pace and that the changes are executed cleanly and without delay.

Cutting

Cutting is one of the two disciplines that involve working with cattle . The horse and rider have the task of separating a cow from the herd and preventing it from running back to the herd. After the cattle have been separated, the horse works largely independently by shielding the cattle. The rider does not give any visible rein aids. Cutting requires a high degree of skill and independence from the horse.

Working Cowhorse

The Working Cowhorse discipline consists of two parts. First, a reining test (dry work) is ridden in which the horse has to perform various maneuvers. In the second part, the fence work, the horse has to control a cow and drive it along a fence or the arena wall.

Barrel Racing

Barrel racing is one of the fastest and most action-packed disciplines in western riding and is particularly popular in America and is often shown at rodeos. The aim is to get around three barrels set up in a triangle as quickly as possible. Speed and agility are crucial here. A fallen barrel leads to time penalties, so precision is required as well as speed.

Showmanship at Halter

In Showmanship at Halter, the horse is presented on a halter and the focus is on the rider's performance. The rider must lead the horse through various maneuvers, such as backing. The presentation of the horse, the condition of the horse and the rider's leading technique are assessed.

Horse & Dog Trail

In Horse & Dog Trail , the rider works together with his horse and a dog. They have to mastera trail course together, with the dog taking on independent tasks. The assessment is based on the cooperation between horse, rider and dog.

Western Horsemanship

In the Western Horsemanship discipline, the focus is on the rider. They have to ride a task, a so-called pattern, precisely and correctly. The focus is on the rider's aids, seat and influence. Harmonious interaction between rider and horse is crucial here.

Hunter Under Saddle

Hunter Under Saddleis a discipline that originally comes from the English riding style, but has also found its place in Western riding. Here, the elegance and suppleness of the horse in the basic gaits walk, trot and canter are assessed. The horse is ridden with loose reins and should have a relaxed but active attitude. Although jumps are less central in the Western version of Hunter Under Saddle than in the classic English version, it is not unusual for light jumps to be included in extended competitions. These obstacles are designed to show how well the horse stays in rhythm and goes smoothly over the jumps. It is less about the height of the jumps and more about the elegance and safety with which they are overcome.

Tips for beginners in western riding

Western riding is not only one of the most popular riding styles in the world, it is also particularly beginner-friendly. The relaxed riding position, the loose rein contact and the variety of disciplines make it ideal for beginners.

1. Proper equipment: Wear comfortable western riding boots and sturdy jeans. A well-fitting western saddle and a western saddle pad ensure comfort and safety.
2. Patience and trust: Build a close relationship with your horse. Western riding is based on communication and trust - give your horse the time it needs to learn.
3. Seat and aids: Practice a relaxed, deep seat and learn to steer your horse with subtle weight and leg aids.
4. Try out different disciplines: Test disciplines such as Trail or Western Pleasure to find out what suits you and your horse best.
5. Have fun: Don't forget that riding should also be fun! Enjoy the progress you make together with your horse and the relaxed atmosphere that western riding offers.

Why western riding?

The philosophy of the cowboys still characterizes western riding today: It is about building a close, trusting relationship with the horse and controlling it with the finest possible aids. This calm and relaxed way of riding is particularly beneficial for beginners.

Western riding in Germany

Western riding is no longer just a niche sport in Germany. More and more riders are opting for this riding style and western riding has now firmly established itself as a leisure and competition sport in Germany.

Two of the most important associations that have a significant influence on western riding in Germany are the Erste Westernreiter Union Deutschland (EWU) and the Deutsche Quarter Horse Association (DQHA). Both organizations promote Western riding through tournaments, courses and training and are committed to the breeding and training of suitable horse breeds.

EWU: The First Western Riders Union Germany

The Erste Westernreiter Union Deutschland e.V. (EWU) is the leading association for Western riding in Germany and has been committed to promoting Western riding since it was founded in 1978. With over 12,000 members, the EWU is the largest Western riding association in Germany and offers a broad platform for riders of all ages and abilities.

Every year, the EWU organizes a large number of tournaments, ranging from regional competitions to the German Western Riding Championships. These tournaments cover all the classic disciplines of western riding, including reining, cutting, trail, western pleasure and many more. The tournaments are divided into different performance classes so that both beginners and experienced riders have the opportunity to compete in their respective classes.

In addition to competitions, the EMU also offers extensive training programs, courses and seminars to help riders and trainers develop their skills. The promotion of horse-friendly training and compliance with ethical standards in equestrian sport are always at the forefront.

A special highlight of the EWU is the annual German Open, which is regarded as the largest western riding tournament in Germany and brings together the best riders and horses in the country.

DQHA: The German Quarter Horse Association

The German Quarter Horse Association e.V. (DQHA) is the official representative of the American Quarter Horse Association (AQHA) in Germany and focuses on the promotion and breeding of the American Quarter Horse, the world's most popular Western horse breed. Founded in 1975, the DQHA is committed to the breeding, training and use of this versatile horse breed in German western riding.

Every year, the DQHA organizes a variety of breeding shows, tournaments and courses that offer breeders and riders the opportunity to present their horses and further their education. The DQHA Futurity and Maturity, a top-class breeding and sporting event that promotes young Quarter Horses in German western riding, is particularly well known.

Another focus of the DQHA is the promotion of young riders. With special programs and events for young people, the association ensures that young riders have the opportunity to develop their skills with American Quarter Horses and further establish themselves in Western riding.

Thanks to its close cooperation with the AQHA in the USA, the DQHA has an excellent network and ensures that German breeders and riders have access to international standards and competitions.

On the road at tournaments

Western horse shows are an excellent platform for riders of all levels to demonstrate their skills in various Western riding disciplines. These shows are organized by major associations such as the EWU and the DQHA . They offer a variety of competitions ranging from regional events to national championships.

There are special classes for beginners that provide a gentle introduction to tournament sport, such as performance class 5 (LK 5). Beginners can gain their first competition experience here. Experienced riders and horses compete in higher classes, up to performance class 1 (LK 1), where the level is correspondingly more demanding.

The most popular disciplines at these shows are Reining, Trail, Western Pleasure, Cutting and Ranch Riding.
The German Open and the DQHA Futurity and Maturity are a particular highlight in the German show calendar.

Western riding - FAQs

What is western riding?

Western riding is a riding style that originated from the work of cowboys and is popular today as a relaxed, precise sport.

Is western riding difficult?

Western riding is usually easier to learn for beginners, as the focus is on a relaxed riding position and minimal rein aids. However, advanced maneuvers such as reining require more practice.

Which horses are suitable for western riding?

Horse breeds such as the American Quarter Horse, Paint Horse and Appaloosa are ideal for western riding as they are agile, fast and have strong nerves. But other horse breeds can also be ridden western if they have the right characteristics.

Which is easier: Western riding or English riding?

Western riding is often considered easier for beginners, as the aids are less direct and the riding position is more relaxed. English riding requires more precise rein contact and more control.

What equipment do I need?

You will need a western saddle, a western saddle pad, western riding boots and sturdy jeans.

What disciplines are there in western riding?

The most important disciplines in Western riding include Reining, Trail, Western Pleasure, Cutting and Ranch Riding, each with specific requirements for horse and rider.

Is western riding more horse-friendly?

Western riding is often considered to be more horse-friendly, as it relies on loose rein contact and subtle aids. It promotes the horse's natural freedom of movement and emphasizes harmonious cooperation.

What is the difference between English and Western riding?

In Western riding, the rider sits lower and holds the reins loosely, whereas in English riding the rein contact is closer and the riding position is more upright.