Headshaking horse - What to do if a horse headshakes?

What is headshaking in horses?

Headshaking refers to uncontrolled and frequently recurring head shaking or head banging in horses, which can occur without a recognizable trigger. Headshaking horses that suffer from increased sensitivity to environmental stimuli such as light or wind are particularly affected.

Headshaking horse symptoms

The symptoms vary greatly: while some horses with headshaking only shake their heads occasionally, others exhibit severe, persistent head banging when ridden, making it difficult to work under saddle.

Horse hits its head while riding

Headshaking symptoms can intensify, especially when riding. The horse flaps its head as soon as the reins are held, shows reluctance or appears stressed. In many cases, the head banging becomes more pronounced when trotting or cantering.

When does headshaking become a problem in horses?

The severity of the headshaking symptoms can vary greatly and affects the extent to which the horse is restricted in everyday life and when riding.

• Slight manifestation: The horse shows occasional head shaking, but can still be ridden normally. The symptoms usually only occur in certain situations, for example in wind or sunlight.
• Moderate severity: Head knocking when riding is much more pronounced, especially at higher gaits or when in contact with the reins. Some horses react irritably, refuse aids or find it difficult to concentrate.
• Severe manifestation: The horse flaps its head uncontrollably, even at rest. It refuses to work, shows signs of stress or pain and can be severely impaired in everyday life.

Headshaking becomes particularly problematic if the horse poses a risk of injury to itself or the rider due to the uncontrolled head movements. In severe cases, it can be so badly affected that it can no longer be used as a riding or leisure horse. Targeted diagnosis and treatment is crucial here.

Head banging horse causes

The causes of headshaking in horses are varied and can be roughly divided into physical and neurological factors. In many headshakers, the exact cause remains unknown - this is referred to as idiopathic headshaking.

Physical causes of headshaking

If a horse flaps its head or snorts constantly, this may be due to physical complaints:

• Dental problems: Sharp edges or misaligned teeth can cause pain and trigger uncontrolled head movements.
• Ear diseases in horses: Inflammation, mites or other infections in the ear canal can cause severe itching or pain.
• Problems with the cervical spine or temporomandibular joint: blockages or muscular tension often lead to defensive reactions when riding.
• Allergies and pollen sensitivity: Some horses are allergic to pollen, dust or mold, which can cause itching or irritation in the respiratory tract. airways in the respiratory tract.
• Reaction to food: Certain ingredients or additives can cause intolerances and increase headshaking.

Neurological causes of headshaking

In many cases, no clear physical cause can be found. The focus is then often on hypersensitivity of the trigeminal nerve - this nerve is responsible for the sensations in the face. A malfunction can lead to harmless stimuli such as wind, light or touching the nose being perceived with exaggerated intensity.

• Horse trigeminal nerve treatment: If this nerve reacts hypersensitively, horses may suddenly bang their heads - even for no apparent reason.
• UV sensitivity: Many horses show increased symptoms on sunny days, which is why UV masks for headshaking horses are often used for relief.
• Wind sensitivity: Some horses react particularly strongly to draughts - even light wind can trigger a headshaking attack.

As headshaking horses are often sensitive to various environmental factors, an accurate diagnosis is crucial in order to initiate the right therapy.

Headshaking horse: Diagnosis

The diagnosis of headshaking in horses is often difficult, as the symptoms can have various causes . It is particularly important to carry out a comprehensive examination at an early stage to find out whether there is an underlying pollen allergy in the horse, a trigeminal nerve problem or another condition

Clinical examination by the veterinarian

The vet begins the examination with a thorough clinical examination. The heart, breathing, muscles and nerve reflexes are checked. The head area is also examined for tension, swelling or other abnormalities.

Dental, ear and nasal cavity examination

As dental problems, ear infections or sinus irritation can trigger headshaking , these areas are examined in detail:

• Teeth: Sharp edges, misaligned teeth or inflammation in the mouth.
• Ear diseases in horses: infections, mite infestation or foreign bodies in the ear canal.
• Respiratory tractNasal polyps, allergies or foreign bodies in the nasal passages.

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Endoscopy of the airways

If airway irritation is suspected, an endoscopy of the upper respiratory tract can be performed. airways can be performed. A flexible endoscope is passed through the nostrils into the airways to detect swelling, mucus or inflammation.

Imaging procedures: X-ray or CT

X-ray for the diagnosis of headshaking

X-rays are a proven method of detecting structural changes in the skull, jaw and neck area. They can be used to visualize bone changes, arthrosis, constrictions in the cervical spine or dental problems that may cause headshaking syndrome . This examination is particularly useful if dental misalignments, jaw joint problems or degenerative changes are suspected.

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CT for detailed insights into nerves and soft tissue

While X-rays mainly show the bone structures, computed tomography (CT) provides much more detailed images, particularly of soft tissue, nerve courses and fine structures in the skull area. This technique can be used to detect nerve compression, inflammation or hidden lesions in the area of the trigeminal nerve that cannot be detected using conventional methods. A CT scan can provide important information, especially if a neurological cause for the headshaking is suspected.

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Neurological examination: trigeminal nerve as a possible cause

One of the most common causes of idiopathic headshaking in horses is hypersensitivity of the trigeminal nerve, which is responsible for the sensitivity of the facial skin and nostrils.

• The vet checks the reflexes in the face to determine whether there is nerve irritation .
• In some cases, a diagnostic nerve block is performed: Anesthetizing the trigeminal nerve can confirm whether a neurological cause is responsible for the headshaking.

Allergy test: Pollen as a trigger for headshaking

If headshaking in horses occurs more frequently in spring or summer, a pollen allergy may be the cause. A blood or skin test will provide information about possible allergens such as grasses, flowers or dust.

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Headshaking horse therapy 

The treatment of headshaking in horses depends largely on the cause. While some headshaking horses respond well to medication, others require alternative approaches such as equine acupuncture, equine homeopathy or mechanical aids such as a UV mask for headshaking horses.

Headshaker horse: Which medication helps?

Medication can alleviate the symptoms if a neurological disorder, allergic reaction or inflammation has been identified as the cause:

Nasal net and UV mask: mechanical aids against headshaking

Some horses respond well to special mechanical aids that help to minimize environmental stimuli:

• Nose net for headshaker horses: Many affected horses react sensitively to air currents at the nostrils. A nose net can reduce this irritation and reduce head flapping.
• UV mask for headshaking horses: Horses that react to light sensitivity often benefit from special masks with UV protection. These reduce the influence of light and can alleviate the symptoms.

Alternative treatments

In addition to traditional veterinary medicine, many horse owners rely on alternative forms of therapy to alleviate the symptoms:

• Acupuncture & osteopathy can help to relieve tension and stabilize the nervous system. Some horses show significant improvements after osteopathic treatment.
• Homeopathy for horses with headshaking: Herbs such as valerian, St. John's wort or lemon balm can have a calming effect.
• Laser therapy & electrical stimulation are used to regulate the sensitivity of the trigeminal nerve.

Operating on a headshaking horse: When is surgery advisable?

If all other measures do not help, surgery may be considered in severe cases:

• Nerve incision (tieback operation): A branch of the trigeminal nerve is severed to reduce hypersensitivity. However, this involves risks as it can lead to undesirable side effects.
• Neurectomy: Part of the affected nerve is removed in order to interrupt the transmission of stimuli. However, the procedure can lead to permanent numbness in the facial area.

Euthanizing a headshaking horse: When is it the last option?

If, despite all attempts at treatment, a horse no longer has any quality of life, is in severe pain or can no longer be ridden, euthanasia may be considered. However, this decision should only be made once all therapeutic approaches have been exhausted and in close consultation with the vet.

Can headshaking in horses be cured?

Whether a horse with headshaking can be cured depends on the individual cause . While some horses become symptom-free with targeted therapy , for many it remains a chronic condition that needs to be well managed. Early diagnosis and individualized treatment are crucial to control the symptoms and maintain the horse's quality of life.

Headshaking horses: What to look out for

The posture of a headshaking horse plays a decisive role in its well-being and can have a positive influence on headshaking symptoms. A dust-free environment, appropriate pasture management and protection from external stimuli are particularly important.

Low-dust housing for headshaker horses

Dust can irritate the airways and aggravate allergies. Headshaking horses should therefore be kept in an environment that is as dust-free as possible. The following are recommended:

• Low-dust bedding such as dedusted wood shavings or linseed straw.
• High quality haywhich is steamed or watered before feeding to minimize dust particles.
• Regular mucking out to reduce ammonia vapors, which can put additional strain on the respiratory tract.

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Protection from pollen and airborne irritants

Many headshaking horses are sensitive to pollen allergies or air currents. To minimize symptoms, the following can help:

• Pasture management: If the horse has a pollen allergy , it may be advisable to keep it in the pasture at night or in the stable during the main pollen season.
• Air filters in the barn: In closed barns, air filters can help to reduce pollen pollution.
• Wind-protected open stable: Horses with trigeminal nerve hypersensitivity benefit from wind-protected paddocks or open stable concepts.

Feeding to support headshaking horses

Headshaking can be prevented by targeted feeding by strengthening the nervous system, reducing inflammation and supporting the metabolism. An optimal supply of omega-3 fatty acids, amino acids, trace elements and vitamins can help to alleviate the symptoms and improve the horse's well-being.

Choosing the right supplementary feed

Certain feed supplements have been shown to have a positive influence on the transmission of nerve stimuli and general stress resistance. Anti-inflammatory and calming ingredients in particular should be used in a targeted manner:

• Omega-3 fatty acids from linseed oil or hemp oil help to reduce inflammatory processes in the nervous system and stabilize the processing of stimuli.
• Magnesium is essential for nerve conductivity and can help to reduce hypersensitivity of the trigeminal nerve . It also has a muscle-relaxing effect and can therefore relieve tension in the head, neck and shoulder area.
• Amino acids are essential for muscle building and can help to reduce tension that may exacerbate headshaking symptoms.
• St. John's wort, valerian and lemon balm have a calming effect, help to reduce stress and can reduce the nervous system's sensitivity to irritation.
• Probiotic microorganisms promote healthy intestinal flora, which can have a positive effect on the entire nervous system.

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Trace elements for a stable nervous system

Trace elements play a key role in nerve metabolism, cell regeneration and stress management. A deficiencycan impair nerve conduction and increase the symptoms of headshaking syndrome.

• Zinc promotes the regeneration of nerve cells and supports the immune system.
• Selenium protects the cells from oxidative stress and contributes to nerve function.
• Copper is essential for signal transmission in the nervous system and blood formation.
• Manganese supports the conduction of nerve impulses and is important for bone metabolism.

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Vitamins for a strong nervous system

Vitamins are essential for numerous bodily functions and contribute significantly to nerve stability and stress resistance. A targeted supply can help to support the stimulus processing of the trigeminal nerve and alleviate headshaking symptoms.

• Vitamin B complex: Promotes nerve conduction, supports energy production and helps to cope with stress.
• Vitamin E: A powerful antioxidant that prevents cell damage and stabilizes muscle and nerve function.
• Vitamin C: Supports the immune system, reduces oxidative stress and has an anti-inflammatory effect.
• Vitamin D: Crucial for calcium absorption, muscle function and general well-being.

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Riding a headshaking horse

Stress can exacerbate headshaking, so the training of headshakers should be as relaxed and low-stimulus as possible.

• Train without pressure: Calm training with breaks helps to reduce stress.
• Individual adaptation: Some horses react sensitively to contact with the reins - too much pressure on the poll can exacerbate the symptoms.
• Minimize sources of stimulation: Horses that are sensitive to light benefit from cloudy weather or indoor training.
• Pay attention to wind protection: In strong winds, a sheltered environment can help to avoid triggers.

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Headshaking horse: Conclusion

Even though headshaking in horses cannot be cured in many cases, there are numerous ways to alleviate the symptoms and improve the horse's well-being. Targeted management of husbandry conditions, feeding and training as well as the use of mechanical aids can help to minimize the symptoms.

Headshaking: The most important questions

What to do with headshaking in horses?

The treatment of headshaking in horses depends on the cause. If there are physical causes such as dental problems or ear disease in the horse, these should be treated first. If the headshaking is idiopathic, nasal nets, UV protection masks and medication such as anti-epileptic drugs or magnesium can help to alleviate the symptoms.

How do you recognize headshaking in horses?

Typical headshaker horse symptoms are uncontrolled head shaking, head banging when riding, constant snorting in the horse and increased sensitivity to wind and light. Many horses also show a noticeable rubbing of the nose against objects or with the front legs.

Why does my horse bang its head?

Head banging in horses can have many causes. Common causes include dental problems, ear infections, respiratory irritation or allergies. Neurological causes such as trigeminal nerve hypersensitivity can also trigger headshaking syndrome.

What helps against headshaking in horses?

A nose net for headshaker horses can help if the horse is sensitive to wind. If there is sensitivity to light, a UV protection mask can reduce the symptoms . In addition, medication such as gabapentin, an adapted diet with magnesium and omega-3 fatty acids and alternative therapies such as acupuncture or osteopathy can help.

What to do about head banging when riding a horse?

If the horse bangs its head when being ridden, this may be due to unsuitable equipment, pain caused by snaffles or bits, pressure on the poll or hypersensitivity of the trigeminal nerve. A gentle rein, an alternative bridle or a bitless bridle can help.

Can headshaking in horses be cured?

Whether headshaking can be cured depends on the cause . If there is a physical cause such as ear disease or dental problems, a complete cure may be possible. There is no guaranteed cure for idiopathic headshaking , but there are various therapeutic approaches that can alleviate the symptoms.

When should a headshaking horse be euthanized?

A headshaking horse does not necessarily have to be euthanized if the symptoms can be controlled by appropriate husbandry, feeding or drug therapy. In severe cases, where the horse is in severe pain and no treatment is effective, euthanasia may be considered as a last resort.

Which mask helps with headshaking in horses?

A UV protective mask for headshaking horses is ideal for horses that are particularly sensitive to light stimuli. It filters out harmful UV rays that can irritate the trigeminal nerve. A nose net can also help if the horse reacts sensitively to wind or touching the nostrils.

Which herbs help with headshaking in horses?

Herbal ingredients such as St. John's wort, valerian, lemon balm or passionflower can have a calming effect on the nervous system of a headshaker horse. Anti-inflammatory herbs such as thyme and licorice also help to support the respiratory tract.

What does head shaking mean in horses?

Head shaking in horses can be a natural behavior, for example to drive away flies. However, if the head shaking occurs repeatedly and without any recognizable stimulus, it may be a sign of headshaking, pain or irritation.