Horse training: basics, methods & tips

What is horse training?

Horse training refers to the targeted training of a horse with the aim of improving its physical fitness, mental stability and interaction with humans. Well thought-out training not only ensures better rideability, but also a balanced and healthy horse.

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A well-trained horse remains efficient in the long term, develops trust in its rider and can use its body more efficiently. This is not just about learning new lessons, but also about maintaining and promoting natural movement sequences.

Definition and goals of horse training

Horse training is the systematic training of a horse with the aim of preparing it physically, mentally and emotionally for various demands. This can include learning basic commands, gymnastic training or refining certain riding techniques.

Difference between classic training and horsemanship

There are different approaches to horse training. While classic training is often based on tried and tested methods from horsemanship, horsemanship focuses on communicating with the horse as naturally as possible.

• Classical training:
  This approach is based on systematic training principles, such as the scale of training (rhythm, suppleness, contact, impulsion, straightness, collection). The focus here is on gymnastic work, rideability and improving performance.
• Horsemanship:
  This term describes a horse-friendly, partnership-based training method based on fine communication, body language and trust. This approach was made famous by trainers such as Bernd Hackl and Sandra Schneider. The horse is not only trained physically, but also mentally in order to train it without stress.

Both methods have their strengths and can often be sensibly combined to create balanced, sustainable training. It is always crucial that the horse is considered individually and that the training is tailored to its needs.

The most important training methods at a glance

There are various approaches and methods in horse training that have developed over time. While the classic riding methods rely heavily on tried and tested training principles, modern training methods are often more flexible and take the horse's psychology more into account. A key aspect here is the type of communication: should the horse learn through positive reinforcement or through pressure and fork learning? And what role does horsemanship play in training?

➡️ Video tip: Horsemanship & classical training - similarities & differences!
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Classical riding styles vs. modern training

Classical riding styles are based on centuries-old training principles and follow fixed rules and structures. These include, for example

• The scale of training (rhythm, suppleness, contact, impulsion, straightness, collection) in dressage
• Gymnastic work to promote mobility and load-bearing capacity
• Discipline-specific training such as show jumping, eventing or western riding

Modern training approaches, on the other hand, are often more individual and take more account of findings from behavioral research. They combine elements from different riding styles and adapt more closely to the psyche and physical requirements of each horse.

While classic training provides clear structures, modern training allows more flexibility to respond to the individual needs of the horse. A combination of both approaches is often created to utilize the advantages of both methods.

Horsemanship and its importance for horse training

Horsemanship describes a particularly horse-friendly and partnership-based approach to training. The focus is on natural communication between horse and human. The rider primarily uses body language, subtle signals and timing to guide the horse.

Objectives of the horsemanship approach:

• Trust and respect as the basis of every exercise
• Minimizing pressure and coercion
• Promoting the independence of the horse

Well-known representatives of this method are Bernd Hackl, Sandra Schneider and other natural horsemanship trainers. They show that horse training does not have to be based on dominance and mechanical processes, but on genuine understanding and communication.

Positive reinforcement vs. pressure learning and learning by doing

There are basically two learning principles in horse training:

1. positive reinforcement (learning through reward)

• The horse is rewarded for desired behavior (e.g. with food or praise).
• It understands more quickly which behavior is worthwhile for it.
• Often used in clicker training or liberty training.

2. pressure and fork learning (negative reinforcement)

• Pressure is built up (e.g. with thighs, reins or body language).
• As soon as the horse reacts correctly, the pressure is released immediately.
• This is the most commonly used method in classical riding.

Both methods have their raison d'être. Whilst positive reinforcement is particularly suitable for motivated and creative horses, pressure and fork learning helps to promote quick and clear reactions during training. A mixture of both approaches can often bring the greatest success.

The right choice: a combination of different approaches

The choice of the right training method always depends on the individual horse. While classic riding methods offer a clear structure, modern methods allow more flexibility. Horsemanship ensures a partnership-based training, while the right mix of positive reinforcement and pressure reteaching is crucial for effective training.

Step by step: an effective training structure

A well thought-out training structure is essential in order to optimally support the horse both physically and mentally. It's not just the exercises themselves that play a role, but also the preparation, the right timing and a consistent but fair approach.

The right preparation: horse, equipment and environment

Successful horse training begins before the first exercise. Both the physical and mental requirements of the horse must be taken into account. Equally important is a well-designed training environment that enables safety and concentration.

The importance of timing and consistency

One of the most important elements in horse training is the right timing. Horses learn through direct feedback - a reward or correction must be given within seconds so that the horse can make the connection to the action.

→ Timing with positive reinforcement:
If the horse performs an exercise correctly, the reward (e.g. praise, stroking or a treat) should be given immediately. Delayed praise means that the horse no longer knows exactly what it has been rewarded for.

→ Timing the correction:
A correction must also be made at the exact moment the undesirable behavior is shown. If you react too late, the horse will no longer understand the context.

In addition to timing, consistency is crucial:

• Set clear signals: Once rules have been set, they should not be constantly changed.
• Give clear aids: The horse should understand exactly what is being asked of it.
• Be patient: Consistency does not mean harshness - those who work with calm and consistency achieve more sustainable results.

Through clear, fair and well-timed communication, the horse understands more quickly what is expected of it. This reduces frustration and ensures a trusting relationship during training.

Start of training: building trust and respect

A successful start to training is based on a strong foundation of trust between horse and human. Before more demanding lessons are trained, the horse must learn to orient itself safely and relaxed towards humans. Clear body language, consistent communication and simple exercises are the key to a successful start. They create a stable foundation on which the horse can develop safely and cooperatively in further training.

First exercises for a solid foundation

Before the actual training begins, the horse should master some basic behaviors that are essential for safe cooperation. First and foremost, this includes calmly standing still. The horse must learn to stay next to the human without nervousness or restlessness. This exercise promotes concentration and composure - two important qualities that are important in any further training.

Following without pulling on the rope is just as essential. The horse should not be guided by mechanical pressure, but by conscious body language from the human. By following voluntarily, a harmonious connection is created that also has a positive effect in other training situations.

Another important element is stopping on signal. Whether through a slight hand movement, a spoken command or a change in posture - the horse should learn to react immediately to subtle aids. This exercise strengthens attention and improves communication between horse and human.

Finally, the horse should be able to yield to light touches or body signals. Exercises such as backing up or lateral yielding sensitize the horse to gentle aids and prepare it for later requirements, such as riding.

All these exercises should be carried out with patience and clear signals. It is particularly important to reward the horse immediately when it performs the exercise correctly - be it with a short break, gentle coaxing or a friendly touch. This helps to reinforce the desired behavior without overwhelming or unsettling the horse.

Body language and communication

Horses communicate mainly through body language - both with each other and with humans. If you understand these subtle signals and use them consciously, you can make training more effective and harmonious.

A decisive factor is the use of clear body signals. Horses react extremely sensitively to the posture, gestures and movements of their counterpart. For example, an upright posture can signal presence and leadership, while a relaxed posture conveys security to the horse.

Spatial guidance also plays a major role. By consciously moving in space, the horse can be guided without having to touch it directly. Walking forwards signals "follow me", while an upright, stable position can cause the horse to stop.

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Another important element is the targeted use of energy. Horses perceive subtle changes in body dynamics. A concentrated, attentive posture produces clear signals, while a relaxed posture radiates calm.

In addition to body language, the voice can also serve as a supportive aid. Clear, calm commands help the horse to orientate itself towards humans. A friendly tone of voice has a calming effect, while a more energetic tone attracts attention. However, the voice should always be used in a deliberate and measured manner so as not to overstrain the horse.

Why trust comes before respect

It is often emphasized that the horse must first and foremost develop respect for humans. But true respect is based on trust. A horse that feels safe is more willing to follow its trainer and follow instructions.

A trusting horse does not react out of fear, but out of an inner security. Patience, fairness and clear communication are the cornerstones of this process. If you train your horse with calm and consistency, you will build a stable, harmonious partnership in the long term.

Further training: gymnastics & mental support

Once a solid foundation has been laid in training, the aim is to develop the horse physically and mentally. Versatile training not only helps to keep the horse healthy, but also strengthens its motivation and willingness to cooperate.

Exercises for more balance and coordination

A well-balanced horse moves more efficiently, carries the rider more gently and remains healthy in the long term. The following exercises help to improve body awareness and coordination:

• Working with ground poles: Poles at different distances promote sure-footedness and the horse's agility. Variations such as raised poles or irregular spacing provide additional challenges.
• Lateral movements: Exercises such as shoulder-in or travers mobilize the hindquarters and improve suppleness.
• Cavaletti training: Promotes coordination and muscle development, especially in the back and hindquarters muscles.
• Lunging with targeted transitions: Transitions between different gaits train balance and improve responsiveness.

These exercises should be regularly integrated into training in short units in order to achieve long-term progress.

Mental challenges for the horse

In addition to physical development, it is just as important to challenge the horse mentally. A horse that is mentally challenged remains more motivated and develops better problem-solving behavior.

• Changing training environments: Training on different courses or in the field prevents routine and increases alertness.
• Free work and clicker training: Promote the horse's own initiative and reinforce understanding of commands through positive reinforcement.
• Calmness training: Exercises with tarpaulins, balls or seesaws help the horse to face new stimuli and build up self-confidence.
• Dexterity exercises: Exercises such as crossing a bridge or navigating through an obstacle course promote body awareness and concentration.

Mental challenges should always be chosen carefully. The horse should be stimulated but not overtaxed in order to maintain trust and willingness to learn.

Training that takes both physical and mental aspects into account leads to a balanced, healthy and efficient horse in the long term.

Common mistakes in horse training and how to avoid them

Effective horse training requires not only specialist knowledge, but also patience, empathy and clear communication. Mistakes happen quickly and can affect the trust between humans and horses or lead to misunderstandings. However, many problems can be avoided if you are aware of the most common stumbling blocks and work specifically on them.

Overstraining and frustration in horses

Horses learn at their own pace. If they are confronted with too many new challenges or difficult exercises at too short intervals, this can lead to overstraining.

Signs of excessive demands:

• Increased yawning or chewing for no apparent reason
• Tail slapping or head tossing
• Restlessness or sudden refusal to exercise
• Rigid, tense posture
• Nervous pacing back and forth

Solution:
To avoid excessive demands, each training session should be adapted to the individual learning progress of the horse. A mixture of familiar and new exercises ensures safety and learning progress at the same time. Breaks are just as important as a well-considered training structure.

A horse that learns in a motivated and relaxed manner retains new information better and develops long-term pleasure in training.

Lack of clarity in communication

Horses respond to subtle signals. Unclear aids, changing requirements or contradictory commands lead to the horse not understanding what is being asked of it.

Frequent errors in communication:

• Unconsciously sending contradictory signals (e.g. pushing and holding the reins at the same time)
• Too many different commands or constant corrections
• Changing expectations that unsettle the horse

Solution:
Clear, consistent communication is essential. Cues should be clear and understandable for the horse. Calm, conscious body language supports the signals and helps the horse to feel safe.

Wrong timing when rewarding and correcting

Horses learn through direct feedback. If a reward or correction is given too late, the horse can no longer associate it with the action performed.

Typical timing errors:

• Reward comes too late, so that the horse no longer recognizes the context
• Corrections are made too strongly or imprecisely
• Misbehavior is ignored and later unconsciously reinforced

Solution:
In order for the horse to understand exactly which behavior is desired or undesired, the reaction must take place within seconds.

Practical example:

If a horse stops calmly at a signal, the praise or reward should be given immediately after stopping. If you wait too long, the horse may have already changed its mind and no longer understand what it has been rewarded for.

How do you avoid mistakes?

Many mistakes in horse training are caused by impatience, a lack of clarity or incorrect timing. If you learn to pay attention to your horse's signals and consciously control your communication, you create the basis for harmonious cooperation. Well thought-out training with small, comprehensible steps and clear feedback not only ensures better learning results, but also more enjoyment and trust between horse and human.

Horse training with experts: Who are the best-known trainers?

There are numerous approaches and methods in the world of horse training. Some trainers have made a name for themselves through their particular approaches, expertise and successes. They shape the way horses are trained today and offer valuable insights into horse-friendly training.

Sandra Schneider - Horsemanship and horse-friendly training

Sandra Schneider is a well-known horse trainer who has gained a high profile through her work with difficult horses and her appearances on TV shows. Her approach is based on natural horsemanship, a method that relies on subtle, respectful and trusting communication with the horse.

Special features of your training:

• Gentle but consistent training: Horses should learn to orient themselves towards humans without pressure or coercion.
• Trust as a basis: Targeted exercises strengthen the horse mentally and help it to understand its natural communication.
• Problem horse work: She is particularly known for her work with horses that are considered difficult to train or difficult.

In her work, Sandra Schneider focuses on the individual development of each horse and shows how a partnership can develop between humans and animals.

Bernd Hackl - Natural Horsemanship and Western Riding

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Bernd Hackl is a renowned horse trainer with a focus on natural horsemanship and western riding. He became known through his appearances on the television program "Die Pferdeprofis", in which he works with difficult horses. His aim is to establish a fine and horse-friendly communication between rider and horse.

Special features of his training:

• The basics of natural horsemanship: Horses should learn to trust humans and join them voluntarily.
• Western riding as a horse-friendly riding style: Hackl attaches particular importance to relaxed, harmonious cooperation with the horse.
• Problem horses & young horse training: His focus is on horses that have had difficult experiences or need solid basic training.

His approach shows that horse training should not be based on dominance, but on trust and fine aids. In Western riding in particular, great importance is attached to horses cooperating independently with minimal aids.

Kerstin Rester - Ground work & horse-friendly training

Kerstin Rester is an expert in the field of ground work and horse-friendly training. She emphasizes the importance of ground work as the basis for safe and harmonious cooperation between horse and human.

Special features of your training:

• Ground work as the basis for communication: Through targeted exercises, the horse learns to react to the smallest signals.
• Exercises to keep you healthy: Your training also includes targeted movement promotion for more balance and muscle development.
• Horse-friendly training without pressure: It relies on subtle, well thought-out aids that motivate the horse to think for itself.

Kerstin Rester shows that effective horse training does not always have to take place from the saddle. A stable foundation on the ground improves the entire training and creates a basis of trust.

What these trainers have in common

All three trainers rely on a horse-friendly, respectful approach that is based on the horse's natural needs. They avoid harsh methods and instead rely on subtle communication based on trust and clarity.

Their common goal is to create a harmonious and sustainable training program for horse and rider that always focuses on the horse's well-being.

How to make horse training sustainable and successful

Good horse training is more than just learning lessons - it is an ongoing process based on trust, patience and clear communication. Sustainable success is achieved when the training is individually tailored to the horse and takes both physical and mental aspects into account.

Important principles for long-term success

Effective horse training follows certain principles that should be reflected in every training session:

These principles not only help to achieve training goals more efficiently, but also ensure a positive experience for horse and rider.

The role of the trainer and the daily routine

The success of training depends heavily on the role of the trainer and a well-thought-out routine. Horses need consistency and a trustworthy contact person to guide them safely through the learning process.

The role of the trainer:

• A good trainer is not only a teacher, but also an observer. He recognizes the horse's signals and adapts the training accordingly.
• Patience, calm and a positive attitude are crucial. Hectic or frustration is transferred directly to the horse.
• The ability to recognize and appreciate small steps forward is essential for a motivated horse that is willing to learn.

The importance of a fixed routine:

• Horses benefit from a clear daily structure that provides security.
• Recurring sequences help the horse to adjust to the training and work with more composure.
• A good mix of training, relaxation and free movement ensures physical and mental balance.

The key to successful horse training

• Trust and respect are paramount.
• Clear communication prevents misunderstandings.
• Individual adaptation of training brings the best results.
• Variety keeps the horse motivated and physically fit.
• A well thought-out routine gives the horse security.

Horse training is not a one-way street - it is a continuous development in which humans and horses develop in equal measure. If you work with patience, empathy and a clear strategy, you will not only have a well-trained horse at your side in the long term, but also a happy and healthy one.

Related articles & training resources

Versatile and well-thought-out training is the key to a healthy, balanced and efficient horse. The following articles provide valuable information and practical instructions on various aspects of horse training.

Recommended articles for your horse training

• Training plans for horses - A structured training plan helps to achieve targeted progress and systematically support the horse. In this article, you will learn how to create an effective training plan for your horse.
• Muscle development in horses - Targeted training to strengthen muscles is essential for maintaining the horse's health and performance. Here the best exercises and methods for targeted muscle building are presented here.
• Ground work as the basis for good horse training - Ground work creates trust, improves communication and prepares the horse for further exercises. This article shows which methods are particularly effective - with 11 exercises to download (free of charge).
• Lunging horses correctly- Lunging is much more than just moving the horse on the lunge line. In this article, you will find out how you can use lunging specifically for gymnastics and muscle development.
• Gymnasticizing horses correctly - Gymnastic exercises help to keep the horse supple, balanced and flexible. Here there are valuable tips on how to do them correctly and integrate them into everyday training.
• Cavaletti training - Cavaletti are an effective tool for training coordination, balance and muscles. Find out herehow you can incorporate cavaletti into your training.

Further recommended training resources

In addition to the basic methods, there are many specialized training approaches that help to promote the horse in a targeted manner. Natural horsemanship focuses on horse-friendly training based on trust and fine communication. This method helps to strengthen the bond between horse and human and to develop a harmonious working relationship.

Another important area is gymnastics and balance work. Targeted exercises improve mobility, train coordination and promote the horse's carrying capacity. This not only helps to keep the horse healthy, but also ensures better performance in every riding discipline.

In addition to physical fitness, the mental development of the horse also plays a decisive role. Through varied tasks and targeted mental stimuli, the horse remains mentally active, develops problem-solving skills and remains motivated during training.

Horse training is a dynamic process that is constantly evolving with new insights and methods. Those who study different approaches intensively and are willing to learn continuously can optimize their training individually and achieve the best results in the long term.

Horse training: The most important questions and answers

What training methods are there for horses?

There are various approaches, including classic riding methods, natural horsemanship, ground work, positive reinforcement (clicker training) and gymnastic exercises such as lunging or cavaletti training. The choice of method depends on the individual needs of the horse.

How often should a horse be trained?

A varied training plan with 3 to 5 training sessions per week is ideal. Regular breaks and rest days are important to avoid overload and stress.

How long does it take to train a horse?

This depends on age, previous experience and the training goal. Solid basic training usually takes several months to years. Every horse learns at its own pace.

How can I build trust in my horse?

Trust is built through clear communication, patience and consistency. Ground work, calm handling and positive reinforcement help to develop a stable relationship.

What are the most common mistakes in horse training?

• Overload due to too many new tasks at once
• Unclear assistance and inconsistent signals
• Wrong timing for reward or correction
• Lack of variety, which leads to boredom and frustration

Is Natural Horsemanship suitable for every horse?

Yes, Natural Horsemanship is based on subtle, horse-friendly communication and can be applied to any horse. It is important to adapt it to the individual horse and its character.

What equipment do I need for good horse training?

This depends on the training method. A halter, cavesson or lunge line are suitable for ground work, while a suitable saddle and bridle are important for riding training.

Which well-known trainers have specialized in horse-friendly training?

The best-known trainers include:

• ‍SandraSchneider (horsemanship and problem horses)
• Bernd Hackl (Natural Horsemanship & Western Riding)
• Kerstin Rester (ground work & gymnastics).

How can I incorporate mental support into horse training?

Changing tasks, calmness training, free work or dexterity exercises challenge the horse mentally and improve concentration and problem-solving skills.

What should I do if my horse is unmotivated during training?

Unmotivation can have various causes: training that is too monotonous, excessive demands, pain or a lack of variety. A check of the equipment, more free work or a new training approach can help.